Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe autosomal recessive disease most common in Caucasian populations. It is characterized by a great clinical variability. Over 1500 mutations have been described in the CFTR gene www.genet.sickkids.on.ca / CFTR, with geographical and ethnic variations in the distribution and frequency of mutations. The clinical and mutational profiles of CF of the native Moroccan population are unknown. The only existing studies concern patients of Moroccan origin living in Europe and Israel. We discuss the results of a recent work in which we estimated that the prevalence of CF in the native Moroccan population between 1 / 1680 and 1 / 4150.